Since the launch of ChatGPT in 2022, generative AI has seen rapid global adoption, amassing between 115 million and 180 million daily active users. This surge has made AI tools essential for activities like research and content creation. In response, tech giants such as Apple and Google have heavily invested in data centers, while companies like Meta and Microsoft are looking into nuclear power to meet the enormous energy demands of AI. This situation has sparked concerns regarding AI’s environmental impact, particularly its carbon emissions. In 2024, approximately 3,000 data centers in the U.S. consumed about 200 terawatt-hours of electricity, similar to Thailand’s yearly total, with AI servers accounting for a significant portion. Projections indicate that by 2028, AI electricity usage could reach between 165 and 326 terawatt-hours annually. Despite Hong Kong’s Climate Action Plan 2050 recognizing these concerns, progress remains limited.
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