India’s healthcare system is undergoing rapid digitization, with artificial intelligence (AI) enhancing this transformation. AI-driven initiatives like the eSanjeevani platform have facilitated over 196 million consultations, aiding diagnostics and expanding service reach. Key projects, including the National Health Stack and National Tele Mental Health Programme, indicate a shift towards data-driven public health infrastructure. However, challenges persist, particularly concerning representation and inclusivity. AI tools often struggle with India’s diverse linguistic and cultural landscape, risking misinterpretation among underserved populations, especially women who may face diagnostic disparities. To harness AI effectively, systems must be assessed for demographic performance, and community input must guide development. Transparency regarding AI operations and post-deployment monitoring of health outcomes are crucial. By prioritizing these strategies, stakeholders can ensure AI serves as a catalyst for equitable, accessible healthcare across India, ultimately improving health literacy and decision-making for all societal segments.
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