The rise of politically persuasive AI marks a significant shift in election strategies, allowing both well-funded organizations and grassroots campaigns to employ advanced technology at scale. In the 2024 Indian elections, tens of millions were invested in AI for voter segmentation and targeting swing voters through personalized messaging via robocalls and chatbots. Similar tactics, including generative AI for disinformation, have been noted in Taiwan, particularly connected to China. With foreign adversaries like China and Russia already utilizing expansive networks for influence operations, the U.S. elections could soon see the same tactics. Current political campaigns benefit from AI’s ability to optimize messaging strategies, enabling rapid testing of narratives to influence voter opinions effectively and affordably. Despite these advancements, U.S. policymakers lag in regulating AI’s influence on elections, with only piecemeal efforts addressing disinformation. As highlighted by the EU’s 2024 AI Act, a comprehensive regulatory framework is urgently needed to counteract these threats.
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