Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping various sectors, but its environmental impact is often overlooked. Recent assessments highlight that advanced AI models require substantial computational resources, leading to significant ecological costs. The OECD’s working paper raises concerns about the energy consumption and carbon emissions associated with AI, estimating that the ICT sector contributes 1.8% to 2.8% of global greenhouse gases. The United Nations Environment Programme warns that by 2027, AI servers could consume millions of cubic meters of water annually for cooling, exacerbating regional water stress.
In contrast, consumer AI tools, like ChatGPT, raise energy concerns, with studies showing increased energy demand compared to conventional searches. Countries are beginning to address these challenges through regulatory frameworks like the U.S. Environmental Impacts Act and EU disclosure mandates. However, India’s focus remains primarily on AI’s benefits rather than its environmental costs. Expanding Environmental Impact Assessments to include AI developments could enhance accountability and promote sustainable practices in India’s growing digital landscape.
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