The increasing integration of AI tools into India’s criminal justice system, such as the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS), Integrated Criminal Justice System (ICJS), and Automated Facial Recognition Systems (AFRS), poses significant risks to marginalized groups. These technologies can perpetuate existing biases, leading to violations of equality, due process, and privacy. Additionally, marginalized communities may be excluded from crucial datasets, further amplifying their vulnerabilities.
Institutional weaknesses exacerbate these issues, characterized by the absence of a comprehensive legal framework, inadequate judicial capacity, concentration of power, weak oversight mechanisms, and a lack of transparency in procurement processes. These factors can diminish accountability and increase the potential for human rights violations.
Addressing these challenges calls for urgent implementation of rights-based AI governance and robust institutional safeguards to protect the rights of marginalized individuals and ensure equitable justice in India.
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