Coinbase’s x402 API targets the evolving needs of autonomous agents making numerous microtransactions daily. By leveraging the 402 HTTP status code, x402 simplifies payment integration directly into API requests, allowing clients to pay in USDC while ensuring on-chain verification. Released in May 2025, x402 has already processed 75 million transactions worth $24 million by December. With V2’s modular approach and Cloudflare’s integration, it aims to become essential infrastructure, enabling smooth payment workflows. Beyond payment facilitation, x402 also addresses unique challenges like refunds and rate limiting. Despite its potential, risks remain concerning dependence on Coinbase’s infrastructure for early adopters. The protocol targets low-cost, high-throughput networks like Solana, as Ethereum proves costly for frequent API calls. As integrations expand, x402’s success hinges on reducing coordination issues and meeting regulatory demands, determining its role as foundational technology or another transient project in the crypto space.
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