Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly becoming ingrained in various sectors, promising benefits like tackling climate change. However, this optimistic view often overlooks AI’s potential to amplify climate risks. Current discussions primarily focus on energy use by data centers, but the implications for climate outcomes are broader. AI can influence behavior, infrastructure, and economic dynamics, potentially hindering decarbonization. For example, AI can drive increased consumption through efficiency gains and automated nudges, countering environmental gains. Moreover, AI heightens cybersecurity risks for low-carbon technologies and can disseminate climate misinformation, fostering skepticism and undermining civic engagement. Socioeconomic impacts, such as increased inequality and surveillance, can further dilute the collective action needed for effective climate governance. As AI becomes more integrated into daily life, recognizing its systemic risks is essential for aligning its development with climate objectives. A robust governance framework is necessary to address these challenges effectively.
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