The evolution of vaccine development has shifted dramatically, influenced by advances in immunology and technology. A pivotal article by Benn et al. (2020) in Lancet Infectious Diseases emphasizes a paradigm shift in vaccinology. With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), new frameworks and machine learning models are enhancing vaccine research. For instance, Farahani and Kasraei (2024) assess AI’s pivotal role in vaccine development, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, many studies highlight the integration of deep learning in predicting B-cell and T-cell epitopes, significantly accelerating vaccine design processes.
Recent projects, such as the development of monkeypox vaccines (Garcia-Atutxa et al., 2024), underscore the evolving landscape of modern vaccinology. Insights from publications on cost estimates and manufacturing complexities (Plotkin et al., 2017; Sertkaya et al., 2024) further elucidate the multifaceted challenges and innovations in the vaccine domain, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies in combating emerging diseases efficiently.
