Artificial intelligence (AI) has transitioned from a mere productivity tool to a fundamental force reshaping education and research. The SURF Tech Trends 2026 report highlights that AI is now integral to workflows, curricula, and governance. With the widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT since late 2022, AI is ubiquitous in daily tools, making it challenging for institutions to adapt. The emergence of diverse AI models, including open-source options, offers benefits like autonomy and experimentation, yet complicates navigation through licenses and legal frameworks. This fragmentation poses risks, potentially widening inequalities among students. Moreover, while Europe champions responsible AI through initiatives like the EU AI Act, the ethical landscape is pressured by geopolitical dynamics. Hardware limitations further complicate AI’s evolution, emphasizing the need for energy-efficient designs. Ultimately, AI’s shift from automation to collaboration promises enhanced learning experiences, but institutions must guide its integration to align with public values and educational integrity.
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