Maritime surveillance is essential for enhancing Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), enabling real-time monitoring to detect threats like piracy, smuggling, and unregulated fishing. Traditional tools such as Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) and radar have limitations, particularly in tracking “dark vessels” that evade identification. India is addressing these issues by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into its maritime frameworks. AI enhances situational awareness through real-time data analysis and predictive analytics, enabling the detection of anomalies and erratic vessel movements. Technologies like swarm drones autonomously patrol offshore areas, improving data collection for surveillance. Countries like the Netherlands and the USA are pioneering AI innovations, and India is investing in AI-equipped patrol vessels for its Coast Guard. However, challenges remain, including cybersecurity risks and ethical considerations regarding autonomous systems. To maintain robust maritime security, India must focus on research, training, and international collaboration while continuously adapting its strategies to evolving threats in maritime domains.
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