This systematic review published in The Cureus Journal of Medical Science evaluates the effectiveness of AI-based tools for detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). It highlights the urgent need for accessible screening due to rising diabetes prevalence in these regions. The study assesses various AI algorithms, focusing on their diagnostic performance—sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy. Findings show that AI tools can significantly enhance DR detection, facilitating early intervention and reducing vision loss. Additionally, the review discusses implementation feasibility, including cost-effectiveness, integration into existing healthcare systems, and training requirements for local healthcare workers. The results indicate that AI technologies are promising solutions for improving diabetic retinopathy screening in LMICs, potentially transforming eye care and enhancing patient outcomes. This research underscores the role of AI in global health and its potential to bridge healthcare disparities in underserved populations.
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