In 2025, experts predict a surge in “AI agents,” autonomous systems capable of goal-setting and decision-making without constant human input. These action-taking AI agents can perform tasks like scheduling, coding, and research, leveraging APIs and SDKs to interact with external systems. While they promise to automate processes and enhance efficiency, they also pose significant global risks, including privacy breaches, misinformation, and job displacement. Effective governance is crucial and should build upon existing international laws and norms such as UNESCO’s AI Ethics recommendations and the OECD AI Principles. Addressing cross-border challenges is vital, as AI actions can impact jurisdictions globally. Existing frameworks require adaptation to enforce accountability. Human rights concerns, including privacy and manipulation, necessitate robust safeguards. Stakeholders must prioritize rigorous testing, transparency, and infrastructure resilience to mitigate risks. The UN’s new AI initiatives underline the urgency of global collaboration. Proper governance now could determine AI’s role in supporting or undermining international stability.
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