The body of research on alcohol use disorder (AUD) highlights its neurobiological and neuroimmune implications. Key studies illustrate how chronic alcohol exposure creates neuroinflammation and disrupts brain function, emphasizing the role of microglial activation and neuroimmune signaling. For instance, Crews et al. (2026) discuss the activation of astrocytes by reactive microglia, exacerbating neurodegeneration in AUD. Research also indicates significant transcriptional changes in key receptors linked to inflammation, such as TSPO, in individuals with AUD (De Carvalho et al., 2021). Furthermore, imaging studies like PET scans demonstrate altered microglial and cytokine profiles during alcohol withdrawal and recovery (Zahr et al., 2010; Raval et al., 2023). Notably, gender differences in inflammatory responses and brain structure recovery are also documented, suggesting tailored treatment approaches. Collectively, these findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive understanding of AUD’s impact on brain health for effective intervention strategies.
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